Derniers messages sur Zeste de Savoirhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/2019-01-21T20:31:56+01:00Les derniers messages parus sur le forum de Zeste de Savoir.Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1978272019-01-21T20:31:56+01:00Akio/@Akiohttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197827<p>Oups oui, <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^-</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, <del>je vais corriger ça.</del> edit : corrigé <img src="/static/smileys/smile.png" alt=":)" class="smiley"></p>
<p>Pour ton message précédent, non, je pense que c’est simplement une façon maladroite d’expliquer le pouvoir tampon du CO2 dans le sang.</p>
<p>Tu décompose un peut trop ce qu’il se passe. Le système est ouvert (d’où la pression partielle constante), la solution est saturée en CO2, tout l’acide carbonique que tu produis se déshydrate et passe en phase gazeuse.<br>
Alors oui, si on voulait pinailler on pourrait résoudre l’équation du second degrés pour calculer précisément l’avancement puis les concentration du nouvel équilibre et on se rendrait compte qu’en prenant les même chiffres de départ ( 24 mmol et 1.2 mmol) et en arrondissant à <strong>6 chiffres significatifs</strong> l’avancement serait de 1.000000 mmol au lieu de … 1 mmol, ça change absolument rien (et oui j’ai fait le calcul avec 8 chiffres et le résultat, sans arrondir au même nombre de chiffres c’était 0.99999995652174)</p>
<p>Que le CO2 passe immédiatement ou non en phase gazeuse, ça ne change rien, ce qui compte c’est l’état d’équilibre et à l’équilibre il y a forcément toujours la même quantité de CO2 dissous puisque cette quantité dépends de la pression partielle qui est constante. </p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1978242019-01-21T18:21:31+01:00nainposteur/@nainposteurhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197824<p>Oui je ne vois pas bien l’utilité du second calcul.
Tu veux dire l’acide avec lequel réagirait <strong>HCO3-</strong> plutôt non ? </p>
<p>Ben ce que je veux dire c’est que une fois que HCl à réagis avec HCO3-, il y a une partie de CO2 dissout qui va passer en phase gazeuse étant donné que la concentration de CO2 dissout a tendance a augmenter mais que la pression partiel de CO2 n’a pas (encore) augmenté. En passant en phase gazeuse, il y a alors une diminution de la concentration de CO2 dissout (donc de H2CO3 si tu préfères) en solution. Ce qui déplace l’état d’équilibre de la réaction (H+) + HCO3- = H2CO3 dans le sens de consommation des ions HCO3- . Or tu ne l’a pas pris en compte. Est-ce faux de dire cela ? </p>
<p>Ben peu importe d’ou il vient, le fait est qu’en passant en phase gazeuse, le CO2 dissout modifie l’équilibre. Mais du peu d’ions (H3O+) de la solution très probablement. Puisque même ci la réaction avec HCl est total, on a quand même la réaction H2CO3 + H2O = (H3O+) + HCO3- . </p>
<p>Et du coup tu peux répondre à la première question de mon message précédent s’il te plait ? </p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1978212019-01-21T17:38:09+01:00Akio/@Akiohttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197821<p>Et il viendrait d’où l’acide avec le quel réagirait <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^-</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> dans ce cas ? La solution est à nouveau à l’équilibre. </p>
<p>Si tu fait le calcul à l’envers : <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mo>]</mo></mrow></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>(</mo><mfrac><mrow><mn>23</mn><mo>∗</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7.38</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mn>1.2</mn></mfrac><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>6.1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">pKa = -log(\frac{[HCO_3^-][H^+]}{[H_2CO_3]}) = -log(\frac{23 * 10^{-7.38}}{1.2}) = 6.1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.623565em;vertical-align:-0.52em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.103565em;"><span style="top:-2.655em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">[</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">]</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.5102em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mopen mtight">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8476642857142856em;"><span style="top:-2.214em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">]</span><span class="mopen mtight">[</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8476642857142858em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight">]</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.52em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.36292em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.01792em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span><span class="mbin mtight">∗</span><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8913142857142857em;"><span style="top:-2.931em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">7</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span><span class="mord mtight">8</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span></span> tu retrouve bien ton Ka ce qui énerverai un mathématicien puisque s’est un peut bête de faire cette vérification, le résultat est évident vu qu’on c’est servi de la même constante pour arriver au pH.</p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1978172019-01-21T16:35:27+01:00nainposteur/@nainposteurhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197817<p>Ah, mais je croyais que quand on parlais de mesurer le pouvoir tampon de l’acide volatil, il s’agissait justement d’essayer de gommer le plus possible les effets du passage en phase gazeuse du CO2 formé suite à la réaction HCO3- avec HCl. Si je comprend bien, il s’agissait au contraire de se rapprocher des conditions physiologique en évacuant le CO2 passé en phase gazeuse ? </p>
<p>Merci beaucoup pour ton explication Akio, mais une question demeure. Dans ton calcul, tu fais comme si le passage du CO2 en phase gazeuse ne modifiait pas la concentration de HCO3-, alors qu’en réalité, cela va faire diminuer aussi la concentration de HCO3-, qu’est-ce qui justifie cela ? </p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1977532019-01-20T21:00:32+01:00Akio/@Akiohttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197753<figure><blockquote>
<p>Lorsqu’on va commencer a titrer la solutions avec du HCl, les ions HCO3- vont réagir avec HCl pour former du CO2 dissout.</p>
</blockquote><figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197649">nainposteur</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Ouais, mais avant ça y’à les <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">CO_3^{2-}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.120547em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.854239em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> qui vont réagir aussi. On les as oublié au début mais dans cette histoire il y a deux couples mis en jeux : <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^- / CO_3^{2-}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.120547em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.854239em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">−</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> pKa = 10,32 et <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H_2CO_3/HCO_3^-</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> pKa = 6,37 (6,1 dans le sang).</p>
<p>La troisième réaction qui nous intéresse c’est l’hydratation du <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">CO_2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> en <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H_2CO_3</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> K = 1.7 * 10<sup>-3</sup> et là je parle que du CO2 dissous, donc il y a encore la loi de Henry a appliquer a la pression partielle de CO2 gazeux avant (avec une constante de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mo>[</mo><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><msub><mo>]</mo><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>29</mn><mi>L</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">.</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>t</mi><mi>m</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">/</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{CO_2}/[CO_2]_{aq} \approx 29 L.atm/mol</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.036108em;vertical-align:-0.286108em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15139200000000003em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">q</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.286108em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">≈</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mord mathdefault">L</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="mord mathdefault">t</span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span><span class="mord">/</span><span class="mord mathdefault">m</span><span class="mord mathdefault">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span></span></span></span></span>) . </p>
<p>Essaye d’écrire les réactions, tu y verras déjà plus clair.</p>
<p>Je vais t’en donner une puisque c’est celle qui nous intéresse : </p>
<p><span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>⇆</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^- + H^+ \leftrightarrows H_2CO_3</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.952131em;vertical-align:-0.1808em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel amsrm">⇆</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<p>Blackline a déjà écrit les constantes plus haut, je ne vais pas les remettre.</p>
<p>Là on est à l’équilibre, pour que ça soit plus simple a comprendre on va prendre des chiffres : </p>
<ul>
<li>24 mmol/L de bicarbonate <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^-</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> </li>
<li>1.2 mmol/L de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H_2CO_3</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br>
Ce qui nous donnes un pH de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mn>6.1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>g</mi><mfrac><mn>24</mn><mn>1.2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>7.40</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">6.1 + log\frac{24}{1.2} = 7.40</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.72777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.190108em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">4</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">7</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord">0</span></span></span></span></span>, tant mieux, c’est une valeur dans la norme </li>
</ul>
<p>Maintenant imaginons que le système est fermé et qu’on ajoute 1 mmol de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H^+</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.771331em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> (a 1L de sang), comme tu l’as dit en premier, dans ce cas, on forme du CO2 mais qui a cause de sa pression partielle reste en solution, ça reviens donc a "ajouter" 1 mmol de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">H_2CO_3</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> et "retirer" 1 mmol de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^-</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> si on en croit l’équation que j’ai donné (à peut près puisque comme tu l’a dit va contribuer a augmenter la pression partielle).</p>
<p>Mon calcul de pH deviens donc : <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>H</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>6.1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>g</mi><mfrac><mn>23</mn><mn>2.2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>7.12</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">pH = 6.1 + log\frac{23}{2.2} = 7.12</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.72777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.190108em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">7</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">2</span></span></span></span></span> Le médecin commence à s’inquiéter là </p>
<p>Maintenant dans un système ouvert, la pression partielle de CO2 reste constante (puisque le CO2 excédentaire est éliminé (par la respiration dans le cas du corps)) donc la concentration en acide carbonique aussi, le pH est alors de : <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mn>6.1</mn><mo>+</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>g</mi><mfrac><mn>23</mn><mn>1.2</mn></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>7.38</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">6.1 + log\frac{23}{1.2} = 7.38</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.72777em;vertical-align:-0.08333em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.190108em;vertical-align:-0.345em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.01968em;">l</span><span class="mord mathdefault">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.845108em;"><span style="top:-2.6550000000000002em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">1</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.394em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.345em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.64444em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">7</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord">8</span></span></span></span></span>, on reste dans des valeurs normales.</p>
<p>En gros cette histoire de pression partielle constante, c’est pour expliquer l’effet tampon du CO2 dans le sang. Pour le dosage pH-métrique, on s’en fout un peu, pression partielle constante ou pas on a le même volume équivalent</p>
<p>Et je ne comprends pas pourquoi on vous expliques ça de cette façon puisque PERSONNE ne dose le Bicarbonate dans le sang de cette manière, on utilise une méthode enzymatique sur des automates type COBAS … certes ça explique en partie comment le corps maintient son pH a + ou - 0.02 unité prés par élimination de CO2 dans les poumons, mais niveau analyses y’a mieux x)</p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1976492019-01-19T13:13:17+01:00nainposteur/@nainposteurhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197649<p>Malheureusement, je n’arrive toujours pas à comprendre cette histoire de pression constante. </p>
<p>Pour moi on a : Au début, une solution avec une certaine quantité en (HCO3-), de CO2 dissout et pression partiel Pi de CO2 gazeux, tout ceci à l’équilibre. Lorsqu’on va commencer a titrer la solutions avec du HCl, les ions HCO3- vont réagir avec HCl pour former du CO2 dissout. Or, on est alors plus à l’équilibre avec la pression partiel de CO2, le CO2 dissout va alors avoir tendance à passer en phase gazeuse pour atteindre un nouvel état d’équilibre. La pression partiel de CO2 augmente alors, et sa concentration en solution diminue donc. Ce qui d’après le principe de Chatelier déplace alors l’équilibre de la réaction acide/base vers la consommations des ions (HCO3-) pour redonner du CO2 dissout. Or même si l’on maintient la pression constante à Pi au cours du titrage en faisant sortir le CO2 gazeux se formant, le CO2 dissout a quand même tendance à diminuer, ce qui modifie la concentration en ions (H3O+) . J’aurais donc tendance à penser qu’au lieu de faire sortir le CO2 qui passe en phase gazeuse, il faille augmenter au fur et a mesure du titrage la pression de CO2 afin que le CO2 dissout se formant au cours du titrage ne passe pas en phase gazeuse. </p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1976452019-01-19T11:53:22+01:00Akio/@Akiohttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197645<figure><blockquote>
<p>Si la pression de CO2 reste constante, la concentration de CO2 dissout l’ait alors elle aussi, ce qui signifie donc qu’il n’y a pas eu de HCO3- qui ont réagi lors du titrage, sinon il y aurait eu du CO2 formé, et la pression ne serait pas constante.</p>
</blockquote><figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197620">nainposteur</a></figcaption></figure>
<p>Justement non, il n’y a rien qui empêche <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">HCO_3^-</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.0777700000000001em;vertical-align:-0.266308em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> de réagir si tu maintiens la pression constante.Maintenir une pression constante ça veux aussi dire que si elle augmente tu peux laisser sortir un peut de gaz pour rester à la même valeur. </p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1976202019-01-19T00:06:37+01:00nainposteur/@nainposteurhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197620<p>Je ne comprend pas trop je crois. Lorsqu’on va titrer avec HCl . On va avoir des ions (HCO3-) qui vont former du CO2 dissous, qui va alors passer en partie en phase gazeuse pour respecter l’équation [H2CO3]=S*P(CO2) . Si la pression de CO2 reste constante, la concentration de CO2 dissout l’ait alors elle aussi, ce qui signifie donc qu’il n’y a pas eu de HCO3- qui ont réagi lors du titrage, sinon il y aurait eu du CO2 formé, et la pression ne serait pas constante.
J’imagine bien que mon raisonnement est mauvais, mais j’arrive pas du tout à comprendre :/ </p>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1975472019-01-18T04:51:20+01:00Blackline/@Blacklinehttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197547<p>Coucou nainposteur,</p>
<div class="custom-block custom-block-question"><div class="custom-block-body"><p>Pourquoi maintenir la concentration de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathrm{CO}_2</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">C</span><span class="mord mathrm">O</span></span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> constante dans la solution ?</p></div></div>
<p>J’imagine que c’est en rapport direct avec la loi de Lechatelier<sup id="fnref-1-CzBpDn1V1m"><a href="#fn-1-CzBpDn1V1m" class="footnote-ref">1</a></sup> et plus directement avec la loi d’action de masse :</p>
<div class="math"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>K</mi><mo>=</mo><munder><mo>∏</mo><mi>i</mi></munder><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><msup><mo>)</mo><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K = \prod_i (a_i)^{\nu_i}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.68333em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.327674em;vertical-align:-1.277669em;"></span><span class="mop op-limits"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.0500050000000003em;"><span style="top:-1.872331em;margin-left:0em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.050005em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3.05em;"></span><span><span class="mop op-symbol large-op">∏</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.277669em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31166399999999994em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose"><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7143919999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.06366em;">ν</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3280857142857143em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.06366em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<p>Qui ici s’écrit comme ceci<sup id="fnref-2-CzBpDn1V1m"><a href="#fn-2-CzBpDn1V1m" class="footnote-ref">2</a></sup>, pour la réaction que je me permet de réécrire à partir du constat que <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>(</mo><mi>d</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">CO_{2(dissout)} = H_2CO_3</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.03853em;vertical-align:-0.3551999999999999em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.34480000000000005em;"><span style="top:-2.5198em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span><span class="mopen mtight">(</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">d</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">i</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">s</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">o</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">u</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">t</span><span class="mclose mtight">)</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.3551999999999999em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
<div class="math"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_a = \dfrac{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+]}{a_{H_2CO_3}} = \dfrac{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+]}{SP_{CO_2}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4245620000000003em;vertical-align:-0.9361em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.4884620000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault">a</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9361em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4245620000000003em;vertical-align:-0.9361em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.4884620000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9361em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<p><span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_a</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> étant la constante d’acidité intrinséque, elle ne varie pas, elle stagnera à <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6.37</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">K_a=10^{-6.37}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">6</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span><span class="mord mtight">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>. (Par rapport à son <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi>p</mi><msub><mi>K</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">pK_a</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.8777699999999999em;vertical-align:-0.19444em;"></span><span class="mord mathdefault">p</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">K</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.151392em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.07153em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight">a</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>…). Donc nous avons l’immuable :</p>
<div class="math"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6.37</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\dfrac{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+]}{SP_{CO_2}} = 10^{-6.37}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4245620000000003em;vertical-align:-0.9361em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.4884620000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;">S</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9361em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.864108em;vertical-align:0em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">6</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span><span class="mord mtight">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div>
<p>Tu te doute bien que si <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">P_{CO_2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.93343em;vertical-align:-0.2501em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;">C</span><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span> varie, on change obligatoirement ce qui a au dessus de la barre de fraction. Ce qui va diminuer la quantité de <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">[H_3O^+]</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.021331em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">[</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mbin mtight">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose">]</span></span></span></span></span> que tu tentais de mesurer !</p>
<hr>
<p><strong>EDIT :</strong></p>
<div class="custom-block custom-block-spoiler"><div class="custom-block-body"><div class="math"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mfrac><mstyle mathcolor="red"><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow></mstyle><mstyle mathcolor="blue"><mrow><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub></mrow></mstyle></mfrac><mo>=</mo><mfrac><mstyle mathcolor="red"><mrow><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6.37</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></mstyle><mstyle mathcolor="blue"><mn>1</mn></mstyle></mfrac></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\dfrac{\color{red}{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+]}}{\color{blue}{SP_{CO_2}}} = \dfrac{\color{red}{10^{-6.37}}}{\color{blue}{1}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.4245620000000003em;vertical-align:-0.9361em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.4884620000000002em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;color:blue;">S</span><span class="mord" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;color:blue;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:blue;">C</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:blue;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:blue;">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mopen" style="color:red;">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:red;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:red;">C</span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:red;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.811462em;"><span style="top:-2.433692em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.1031310000000003em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:red;">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.266308em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose" style="color:red;">]</span><span class="mopen" style="color:red;">[</span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:red;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:red;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.771331em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:red;">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose" style="color:red;">]</span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.9361em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.177108em;vertical-align:-0.686em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mopen nulldelimiter"></span><span class="mfrac"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.491108em;"><span style="top:-2.314em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord" style="color:blue;">1</span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3.23em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="frac-line" style="border-bottom-width:0.04em;"></span></span><span style="top:-3.677em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord" style="color:red;">1</span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord" style="color:red;">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8141079999999999em;"><span style="top:-3.063em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">−</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">6</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">.</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.686em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose nulldelimiter"></span></span></span></span></span></span></div><div class="math"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mstyle mathcolor="red"><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6.37</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mstyle mathcolor="black"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi></mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext></mstyle></mrow><mstyle mathcolor="blue"><mrow><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></mstyle></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\color{red}{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+] = 10^{-6.37} } \mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\color{black}{lorsque}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;} \color{blue}{SP_{CO_2} = 1}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.120547em;vertical-align:-0.256439em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mopen" style="color:red;">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:red;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:red;">C</span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:red;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8213309999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.4435610000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:red;">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.256439em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose" style="color:red;">]</span><span class="mopen" style="color:red;">[</span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:red;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:red;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.821331em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:red;">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose" style="color:red;">]</span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel" style="color:red;">=</span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:red;">1</span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mord" style="color:red;">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">−</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">6</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">.</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:red;"><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:red;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:black;"><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">l</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">o</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">r</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">s</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">q</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">u</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">e</span></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;color:blue;">S</span><span class="mord" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;color:blue;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:blue;">C</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:blue;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:blue;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:blue;">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="color:blue;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel" style="color:blue;">=</span><span class="mspace" style="color:blue;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:blue;">1</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p>Si maintenant <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mstyle mathcolor="olive"><mrow><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\color{olive}{SP_{CO_2} = 0.5}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.93343em;vertical-align:-0.2501em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;color:olive;">S</span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;color:olive;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:olive;">C</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:olive;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:olive;">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="color:olive;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel" style="color:olive;">=</span><span class="mspace" style="color:olive;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;">0</span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;">.</span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;">5</span></span></span></span></span></span> car tu as perdue du <span class="inlineMath"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\mathrm{CO_2}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.83333em;vertical-align:-0.15em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">C</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathrm">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mathrm mtight">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>, alors :</p><div class="math"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><mstyle mathcolor="orange"><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>2.133</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mstyle mathcolor="black"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">l</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">o</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">r</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">s</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">q</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">u</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi></mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext></mstyle></mrow><mstyle mathcolor="olive"><mrow><mi>S</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>0.5</mn></mrow></mstyle></mstyle></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\color{orange}{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+] = 2.133\times 10^{-7}} \mathrm{\;\;\;\;\;\;\;\color{black}{lorsque}\;\;\;\;\;\;\;} \color{olive}{SP_{CO_2} = 0.5}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.120547em;vertical-align:-0.256439em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;"><span class="mopen" style="color:orange;">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:orange;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:orange;">C</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:orange;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8213309999999999em;"><span style="top:-2.4435610000000003em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:orange;">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.256439em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose" style="color:orange;">]</span><span class="mopen" style="color:orange;">[</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:orange;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.30110799999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.15em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:orange;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.821331em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:orange;">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose" style="color:orange;">]</span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel" style="color:orange;">=</span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">2</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">.</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">1</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">3</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">3</span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin" style="color:orange;">×</span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">1</span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord" style="color:orange;">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;">−</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:orange;"><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:orange;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:black;"><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">l</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">o</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">r</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">s</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">q</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">u</span><span class="mord mathrm" style="color:black;">e</span></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mspace" style="color:black;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.05764em;color:olive;">S</span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault" style="margin-right:0.13889em;color:olive;">P</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.32833099999999993em;"><span style="top:-2.5500000000000003em;margin-left:-0.13889em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:olive;">C</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:olive;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:olive;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:olive;">2</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.2501em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="color:olive;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel" style="color:olive;">=</span><span class="mspace" style="color:olive;margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;">0</span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;">.</span><span class="mord" style="color:olive;">5</span></span></span></span></span></span></div><p><span class="inlineMath inlineMathDouble"><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math><semantics><mrow><munder><munder><mrow><mn>2.133</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mo stretchy="true">⎵</mo></munder><mstyle mathcolor="orange"><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow></mstyle></munder><mo><</mo><munder><munder><mrow><mn>4.266</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6.37</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mo stretchy="true">⎵</mo></munder><mstyle mathcolor="red"><mrow><mo>[</mo><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi><msubsup><mi>O</mi><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo>]</mo><mo>[</mo><msub><mi>H</mi><mn>3</mn></msub><msup><mi>O</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>]</mo></mrow></mstyle></munder></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">\underbrace{2.133\times 10^{-7}}_{\color{orange}{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+]}} < \underbrace{4.266\times 10^{-7} = 10^{-6.37}}_{\color{red}{[HCO_3^-][H_3O^+]}}</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.588188em;vertical-align:-1.7240799999999998em;"></span><span class="mord munder"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641080000000003em;"><span style="top:-1.49398em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mopen mtight" style="color:orange;">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:orange;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:orange;">C</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:orange;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8209857142857142em;"><span style="top:-2.188485714285714em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.904321428571429em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:orange;">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31151428571428574em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight" style="color:orange;">]</span><span class="mopen mtight" style="color:orange;">[</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:orange;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:orange;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7026642857142857em;"><span style="top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:orange;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:orange;">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight" style="color:orange;">]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord munder"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-2.26867em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="stretchy" style="height:0.548em;min-width:1.6em;"><span class="brace-left" style="height:0.548em;"><svg width="400em" height="0.548em" viewBox="0 0 400000 548" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M0 6l6-6h17c12.688 0 19.313.3 20 1 4 4 7.313 8.3 10 13
35.313 51.3 80.813 93.8 136.5 127.5 55.688 33.7 117.188 55.8 184.5 66.5.688
0 2 .3 4 1 18.688 2.7 76 4.3 172 5h399450v120H429l-6-1c-124.688-8-235-61.7
-331-161C60.687 138.7 32.312 99.3 7 54L0 41V6z"></path></svg></span><span class="brace-center" style="height:0.548em;"><svg width="400em" height="0.548em" viewBox="0 0 400000 548" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMin slice"><path d="M199572 214
c100.7 8.3 195.3 44 280 108 55.3 42 101.7 93 139 153l9 14c2.7-4 5.7-8.7 9-14
53.3-86.7 123.7-153 211-199 66.7-36 137.3-56.3 212-62h199568v120H200432c-178.3
11.7-311.7 78.3-403 201-6 8-9.7 12-11 12-.7.7-6.7 1-18 1s-17.3-.3-18-1c-1.3 0
-5-4-11-12-44.7-59.3-101.3-106.3-170-141s-145.3-54.3-229-60H0V214z"></path></svg></span><span class="brace-right" style="height:0.548em;"><svg width="400em" height="0.548em" viewBox="0 0 400000 548" preserveAspectRatio="xMaxYMin slice"><path d="M399994 0l6 6v35l-6 11c-56 104-135.3 181.3-238 232-57.3
28.7-117 45-179 50H-300V214h399897c43.3-7 81-15 113-26 100.7-33 179.7-91 237
-174 2.7-5 6-9 10-13 .7-1 7.3-1 20-1h17z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.73133em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.7240799999999998em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel"><</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:2.588188em;vertical-align:-1.7240799999999998em;"></span><span class="mord munder"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641080000000003em;"><span style="top:-1.49398em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mopen mtight" style="color:red;">[</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:red;">H</span><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.07153em;color:red;">C</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:red;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8209857142857142em;"><span style="top:-2.188485714285714em;margin-left:-0.02778em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span></span></span><span style="top:-2.904321428571429em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:red;">−</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31151428571428574em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight" style="color:red;">]</span><span class="mopen mtight" style="color:red;">[</span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.08125em;color:red;">H</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.31731428571428577em;"><span style="top:-2.357em;margin-left:-0.08125em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;">3</span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.143em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mord mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mord mathdefault mtight" style="margin-right:0.02778em;color:red;">O</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.7026642857142857em;"><span style="top:-2.786em;margin-right:0.07142857142857144em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.5em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size3 size1 mtight" style="color:red;"><span class="mbin mtight" style="color:red;">+</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mclose mtight" style="color:red;">]</span></span></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord munder"><span class="vlist-t vlist-t2"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span class="svg-align" style="top:-2.26867em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="stretchy" style="height:0.548em;min-width:1.6em;"><span class="brace-left" style="height:0.548em;"><svg width="400em" height="0.548em" viewBox="0 0 400000 548" preserveAspectRatio="xMinYMin slice"><path d="M0 6l6-6h17c12.688 0 19.313.3 20 1 4 4 7.313 8.3 10 13
35.313 51.3 80.813 93.8 136.5 127.5 55.688 33.7 117.188 55.8 184.5 66.5.688
0 2 .3 4 1 18.688 2.7 76 4.3 172 5h399450v120H429l-6-1c-124.688-8-235-61.7
-331-161C60.687 138.7 32.312 99.3 7 54L0 41V6z"></path></svg></span><span class="brace-center" style="height:0.548em;"><svg width="400em" height="0.548em" viewBox="0 0 400000 548" preserveAspectRatio="xMidYMin slice"><path d="M199572 214
c100.7 8.3 195.3 44 280 108 55.3 42 101.7 93 139 153l9 14c2.7-4 5.7-8.7 9-14
53.3-86.7 123.7-153 211-199 66.7-36 137.3-56.3 212-62h199568v120H200432c-178.3
11.7-311.7 78.3-403 201-6 8-9.7 12-11 12-.7.7-6.7 1-18 1s-17.3-.3-18-1c-1.3 0
-5-4-11-12-44.7-59.3-101.3-106.3-170-141s-145.3-54.3-229-60H0V214z"></path></svg></span><span class="brace-right" style="height:0.548em;"><svg width="400em" height="0.548em" viewBox="0 0 400000 548" preserveAspectRatio="xMaxYMin slice"><path d="M399994 0l6 6v35l-6 11c-56 104-135.3 181.3-238 232-57.3
28.7-117 45-179 50H-300V214h399897c43.3-7 81-15 113-26 100.7-33 179.7-91 237
-174 2.7-5 6-9 10-13 .7-1 7.3-1 20-1h17z"></path></svg></span></span></span><span style="top:-3em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:3em;"></span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord">.</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mbin">×</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222222222222222em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2777777777777778em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord">0</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.864108em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight"><span class="mord mtight">−</span><span class="mord mtight">6</span><span class="mord mtight">.</span><span class="mord mtight">3</span><span class="mord mtight">7</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.73133em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="vlist-s"></span></span><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:1.7240799999999998em;"><span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p></div></div>
<div class="footnotes">
<hr>
<ol>
<li id="fn-1-CzBpDn1V1m">
<p><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/contenus/beta/2987/les-couples-en-chimie-des-solutions/#principe-de-le-ch%C3%A2telier">Tutoriel qui en parle un peu</a></p>
<a href="#fnref-1-CzBpDn1V1m" class="footnote-backref" title="Retourner au texte de la note 1">↩</a>
</li>
<li id="fn-2-CzBpDn1V1m">
<p><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/tutoriels/2658/coefficient-de-partage/">Tutoriel qui en parle un peu</a></p>
<a href="#fnref-2-CzBpDn1V1m" class="footnote-backref" title="Retourner au texte de la note 2">↩</a>
</li>
</ol>
</div>Pouvoir tampon d'un acide volatil (CO2), message #1975322019-01-17T23:00:30+01:00nainposteur/@nainposteurhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/11990/pouvoir-tampon-dun-acide-volatil-co2/?page=1#p197532<p>Bonjour, en ce moment en cours je fais l’équilibre acido-basique du corps humains. On a notamment vu qu’il existe deux tampons dans l’organisme : </p>
<p>Un tampon ouvert (de masse variable) correspondant au couple
(CO2)dissous/HCO3- : (CO2)dissous + H2O = (H+) + (HCO3-) . Avec [CO2]d=S*P(CO2) avec P(CO2) la pression partielle en CO2 et S le coeff de solubilité du CO2. </p>
<p>Et un tampon fermé de masse cosntante (en fait plusieurs tampon fermé assimilable a un seul tampon fermé) AH/A- : AH = (A-) + (H+).</p>
<p>Il est dis dans mon cours que pour mesurer le pouvoir tampon total (tampons fermés et tampon ouvert) d’une solution, on peut titrer la solution par apport d’un acide fixe non volatil (par exemple HCl) en maintenant la concentration de CO2 dissous constante par maintien de la pression de CO2 constante au dessus de la solution. Et le tamponnement est effectué soit par consommation des ions HCO3- , soit par titration des ions A- . </p>
<p>Voici ma question : Je ne comprend pas pourquoi on doit maintenir constante la concentration de CO2 dissous pour effectuer le titrage et mesurer le pouvoir tampon total. </p>
<p>Merci d’avance <img src="/static/smileys/smile.png" alt=":)" class="smiley"> </p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1585302017-08-02T10:50:47+02:00L1ne/@L1nehttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=2#p158530<p>Bonjour,</p>
<p>La bêta du contenu « Statistique descriptive à une dimension » a été désactivée.</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1585262017-08-02T10:27:06+02:00artragis/@artragishttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=2#p158526<p>Peut-on clore la béta?</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1386082017-01-14T07:09:20+01:00Aabu/@Aabuhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=2#p138608<figure>
<blockquote>
<p>@Aabu : avoir des idées (derrière la tête), ou avoir les idées claires, ce n’est pas exactement la même chose. Voire …</p>
</blockquote>
<figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138606">elegance</a></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>Mouais. Quoi qu’il en soit, je crois qu’il est temps d’arrêter de divaguer avec cette analogie douteuse et de se reconcentrer sur le sujet, c’est-à-dire les statistiques. </p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1386062017-01-14T00:06:13+01:00elegance/@elegancehttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138606<p>Je vois que L1ne a plussoyé le message de Looping, qui dit la même chose que moi, mais sous d’autres termes. L1ne saura donc adapter son tutoriel pour prendre en compte cet aspect.</p>
<p>Le reste n’a aucune importance.</p>
<p>@Aabu : avoir des idées (derrière la tête), ou avoir les idées claires, ce n’est pas exactement la même chose. Voire …</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1385332017-01-13T09:56:14+01:00KFC/@KFChttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138533<figure>
<blockquote>
<p>Si aujourd’hui on a un problème avec les stats c’est parce que les gens qui les interprètent sont incompétents et font dire des choses que les stats ne disent pas.</p>
<p>Faut pas se méfier des stats, mais des Hommes, comme toujours.</p>
</blockquote>
<figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138512">Holosmos</a></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>+1000</p>
<p>(même si du coup, il n’y a pas de problème avec les statistiques autre que les limitations actuelles qui sont repoussées chaque jour par les chercheurs du monde entier… comme toute autre science)</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1385162017-01-13T08:03:01+01:00Aabu/@Aabuhttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138516<figure>
<blockquote>
<p>ça donne des idées, mais ça cache l’essentiel.</p>
</blockquote>
<figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138508">elegance</a></figcaption>
</figure>
<p>C’est marrant, parce que j’aurais dit plutôt l’inverse : ça montre l’essentiel, mais on a pas pour autant les idées claires. </p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1385122017-01-13T07:26:31+01:00Holosmos/@Holosmoshttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138512<p>J’aime pas ce bashing des stats. C’est un domaine qui donne au contraire beaucoup d’outils pour rentrer dans les subtilités et les finesses dans l’analyse de données.</p>
<p>Si aujourd’hui on a un problème avec les stats c’est parce que les gens qui les interprètent sont incompétents et font dire des choses que les stats ne disent pas.</p>
<p>Faut pas se méfier des stats, mais des Hommes, comme toujours.</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1385082017-01-13T00:16:11+01:00elegance/@elegancehttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138508<p>Et surtout, il ne faudra pas oublier cette conclusion nécessaire dès qu’on veut expliquer les statistiques : <strong>les statistiques, c’est comme le bikini : ça donne des idées, mais ça cache l’essentiel</strong>.</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1385072017-01-12T23:50:01+01:00Looping/@Loopinghttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138507<p>C’est dense en effet, je n’ai pas encore tout lu.<br>
Pour la différence médiane - moyenne, j’avais lu l’exemple suivant qui m’a l’air très parlant :</p>
<p>Sur une promo de 20 étudiants, 19 sortent avec un salaire entre 20 et 30 mille dollars, et un se fait embaucher par une équipe de basket à un million. L’Université peut alors se vanter d’avoir un salaire moyen à la sortie de 70000 dollars ! Du coup le salaire médian à 25000 sera un indicateur plus fiable.</p>
<p>Sinon une autre phrase que j’aime bien : méfiez vous des statisticiens. Selon eux, l’être humain moyen a un sein et une couille.</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1384792017-01-12T20:01:03+01:00L1ne/@L1nehttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p138479<p>Bonjour les agrumes !</p>
<p>La bêta a été mise à jour et décante sa pulpe
à l’adresse suivante :</p>
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<p><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/contenus/beta/1669/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/">Statistique descriptive à une dimension</a> </p>
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<p>Merci d’avance pour vos commentaires.</p>
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<p>J’ai essayé d’appliquer vos conseils. Comme cela a été dit plus haut, c’est vrai que le contenu est très dense. J’en suis donc arrivé à la conclusion que je ne vais pas présenter le tutoriel avec <span>$R$</span> ou <span>$MATLAB$</span>, ce serait beaucoup trop long. Je vais tout de même fournir un code pour la correction de l’exercice d’application. Si vous avez des remarques n’hésitez pas <img alt=":)" src="/static/smileys/smile.png"> .</p>Statistique descriptive à une dimension, message #1370322016-12-31T12:45:45+01:00KFC/@KFChttps://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p137032<figure>
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<p>Je pense effectivement également que la plus valu d’un tel écrit par rapport à un cours formel que l’on peu trouver un peu partout sur Internet se situe très exactement dans la reformulation moins abrupte de la présentation ou définition de certains termes.</p>
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<figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p136256">KFC</a></figcaption>
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<p>Alors oui en effet, l’objectif du cours est d’aborder les notions de base en statistique pour un public assez large. Même si j’enlève volontairement certains aspects, je suis obligé de garder certaines formules, notamment les distinctions entre les cas discrets, continus et/ou agrégés.</p>
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<figcaption><a href="https://zestedesavoir.com/forums/sujet/7607/statistique-descriptive-a-une-dimension/?page=1#p136997">L1ne</a></figcaption>
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<p>Mon message ne signifiait pas qu’il ne fallait pas présenter les formules de manière précise, ni même de ne pas donner les démonstrations de manière très formelle lorsque tu présentes des théorèmes. </p>
<p>Mon message voulait dire que le plus valu des écrits de mathématiques de ZdS par rapport à un cours formel réside dans le contenu <strong>entre</strong> les énoncés formels. Il s’agit de la "glue" explicative qui permet d’imager, expliquer un contexte historique ou d’utilisation, de donner des exemples, difficultés, illustrations, des analogies, etc. Bref tout ce qui amener quelqu’un avec moins de pré-requis qu’un élève recevant le cours formel équivalent, à apprécier et comprendre le contenu tout en maintenant la rigueur et l’autonomie du document par la précision des passages formels. </p>
<p>A mon sens, c’est très exactement là que se situe ou doit se situer la vulgarisation. Ou plutôt, c’est LA métrique pour mesurer la bonne vulgarisation de la mauvaise qui <em>souille</em> le contenu plus qu’il ne le transmet. Les polycopiés de cours d’université ne sont pas de la vulgarisation par cela même qu’ils n’ont pas de contenu liant entre les différentes formules et énoncés formels autre qu’un ordre chronologiques respectant les pré-requis respectifs de chaque formule. Généralement c’est parce qu’ils s’inscrivent dans un environnement plus large qu’est l’année scolaire ou tout le cursus scolaire qui répond à une maquette pédagogique et parce que la partie liante est effectuée par les travaux pratiques ou divers exercices où le professeur doit apporter la plus valu que l’on ne peut effectuer sur ZdS.</p>